![]() The gatherings honoured the dead soldiers at the ancient battle, but on a second level, became a commemoration of defeated Nazism. Although these events did not feature re-enactments of the armed conflict in the manner of those organised by the Nazi units, their racialised reading of the historical event and their aspiration of reviving the martial spirit of the Spartans were akin to those of GD’s ideological counterparts. The commemorations took place in September, around the time of year the battle is believed to have occurred ( Sacks 1976). 331), the Greek neo-Nazi party Golden Dawn (GD) initiated annual gatherings at the monument of Leonidas in Thermopylae in commemoration of the ancient battle. Several decades after Hermann Göring compared the defeat of the German troops at Stalingrad to the fate of the 300 Spartans (quoted in Rebenich 2002, p. The powerful association between Sparta and Nazi Germany and the myth-making around the honour and might of the Spartan-led Greek army must have made the German occupation troops oblivious to the irony in identifying with the defeated army at Thermopylae. In sharp contrast, those soldiers playing the Greek army appeared in panoplies, but they also bore the Nazi flag, presenting the Third Reich as the modern equivalent of classical Greece 1 ( Figure 1). The soldiers playing the Persians were dressed in tribal African costumes and wielded curved swords resembling Ottoman weapons, while they seem to have coated their bodies and faces in black paint. As the photographic evidence suggests, the representation of the combatant armies reinforced a stark dichotomy between the Greek and the Asian worlds. In the audience were Field Marshal Wilhelm List (the commander responsible for operations in Southeast Europe) and other high-ranking military officers, and the re-enactment was followed by athletic contests between the units. In June 1941, alpinist units of the Nazi occupation forces in Greece staged a historical re-enactment of the battle of Thermopylae at the site where the Spartans and their allies, led by Spartan King Leonidas, stood against the Persian army back in 480 BCE. By looking at this example closely, we can conclude that commitment of neo-Nazi groups to classical antiquity invites reflection upon the role of classical traditions in Western culture. The example of GD demonstrates that the persistence of the narrative of rebirth within neo-Nazi cultures is instrumental in the resurgence of fascism. During the commemorations of Thermopylae, Golden Dawn strove to revive both the spirit of the Spartan soldiers and the ideals of Nazism. ![]() Drawing on methodologies of narrative analysis and performance studies, I examine the narrative patterns and ritual practices deployed in these commemorations to engross the participants in stories of genesis and rebirth. The discussion focuses on the rhetorical and cultural mechanisms involved in transforming the historical event into a fascist mythology. You can visit the GrimTools website here.This article examines the public commemorations of the battle of Thermopylae held by the Greek neo-Nazi party Golden Dawn in the wider context of fascist appropriations of classical antiquity. One such example is GrimTools, created by Dammitt, which allows you to plan out your builds. Our fans have been busy creating tools to assist in the creation of your characters. To learn more about the Spirit Guide, visit the Service NPCs page. ![]() You also cannot remove points from the Mastery bar. You cannot unlearn a skill point invested in an active skill without first unlearning all points from passive skills which affect it. If you find that a particular skill you have invested in is not working out for you, you can visit a Spirit Guide that will unlearn skill points for a fee. (Requires the Forgotten Gods Expansion) Resetting Skill Points They do not merely hide behind a shield or their divine powers to Oathkeepers, these are weapons upon which they shall spill the blood of the unworthy and exact their righteous wrath. Oathkeepers are the guardians of sacred tombs, keepers of the faithful and ardent enforcers of celestial will. Whether they hail from the Temple of Menhir, or offer their souls to the Witch Gods, all Oathkeepers have two things in common: unflinching loyalty and zealous fury. ![]()
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